Networking

OSI & TCP/IP Models

Map the conceptual layers that everything from cables to HTTP rides on.

30 min read beginner 3 objectives

Status

Not started

What you will learn

  • Name the OSI layers
  • Map TCP/IP to OSI
  • Place common protocols by layer

New to this? Start here

The basics, in plain English

When two computers talk, a lot has to happen: a cable carries electricity, that becomes data, that data finds the right machine, and finally an app reads it. To keep this manageable, people split the whole journey into stacked “layers”, where each layer only worries about its own job.

Layer
One step in the journey of data. Each layer does one job and hands off to the next, like an assembly line.
OSI model
A teaching map that splits networking into 7 layers, from physical cables up to the app.
TCP/IP model
The simpler, real-world version used by the internet, with 4 layers instead of 7.
Protocol
An agreed set of rules for how two computers format and exchange messages.
Why layers help
When something breaks, you can ask “which layer failed?” instead of guessing about everything at once.
01

Layered thinking

OSI has seven layers; TCP/IP collapses them to four. The value is mental: when something breaks, you ask which layer.

Finished this topic?

Mark it done to earn 100 XP and keep your streak alive.